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The Tea Party movement is an American political movement that advocates strict adherence to the United States Constitution, reducing U.S. government spending and taxes,〔(Gallup: Tea Party's top concerns are debt, size of government ) ''The Hill'', July 5, 2010〕〔Somashekhar, Sandhya (September 12, 2010). (Tea Party DC March: "Tea party activists march on Capitol Hill" ). ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved November 5, 2011.〕 and reduction of the U.S. national debt and federal budget deficit.〔 In the 2010 midterm elections, ''The New York Times'' identified 138 candidates for Congress with significant Tea Party support, and reported that all of them were running as Republicans. According to a calculation on an NBC blog, of the candidates that were backed by a Tea Party group, or identified themselves as a Tea Party member, 50% were elected to the Senate and 31% to the House. In addition, research by economists Andreas Madestam of Stockholm University, Daniel Shoag and David Yanagizawa-Drott of Harvard University, and Stan Veuger of the American Enterprise Institute estimated that the Tea Party movement protests generated 2.7–5.5 million additional votes nationwide for the Republican Party in the 2010 House elections. ==2010 election== In the 2010 midterm elections, ''The New York Times'' identified 138 candidates for Congress with significant Tea Party support, and reported that all of them were running as Republicans—of whom 129 were running for the House and 9 for the Senate.〔Kate Zernike, ("Tea Party Set to Win Enough Races for Wide Influence" ) ''The New York Times'', October 14, 2010〕 ''The Wall Street Journal''–NBC News poll in mid October showed 35% of likely voters were Tea-party supporters, and they favored the Republicans by 84% to 10%.〔Jonathan Weisman, ("GOP in Lead in Final Lap" ) ''The Wall Street Journal'', October 20, 2010〕 The first Tea Party candidate to be elected into office is believed to be Dean Murray, a Long Island businessman, who won a special election for a New York State Assembly seat in February 2010.〔 According to a calculation on an NBC blog, 32% of the candidates that were backed by the Tea Party, or identified themselves as a Tea Party member, won the election. In the primaries for Colorado, Nevada and Delaware the Tea-party backed Senate Republican nominees defeated "establishment" Republicans that had been expected to win their respective Senate races, but went on to lose in the general election to their Democrat opponents.〔(Barack Obama, the Tea Party, and the 2010 Midterm Elections ); Gary C. Jacobson; University of California, San Diego; pg. 3〕 The three Senate nominees were seen by many in America and the media as either amateurs or too far-out there to be electable as their positions on certain aspects were viewed as extreme. Several of the Tea Party-endorsed candidates won victories against established Republicans in primaries, such as Alaska, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Nevada, New York, South Carolina, and Utah.〔(G.O.P. Braces for More Discontent in Primaries ); ''The New York Times''; September 13, 2010〕〔(Stunning Primary Season Reaches A Stunning End ); NPR, September 14, 2010〕 * Republican Scott Brown, who received Tea Party support, was elected as the U.S. senator from Massachusetts, normally a solidly pro-Democratic state. * L. Dean Murray, a Long Island businessman, won a special election for a New York State Assembly seat. He is believed to be the first Tea Party activist to be elected into office. * In Utah attorney Mike Lee defeated establishment Republican U.S. Senator Bob Bennett (R-Utah) in the GOP senate primary on May 8, 2010. Lee's win is seen as a victory for the Tea Party Movement, whose supporters were against Bennett's return.〔Burr, Thomas (May 11, 2010). ("Democrat Dodd says Bennett's defeat will be Senate's loss" ). ''The Salt Lake Tribune''. Retrieved September 7, 2011.〕 * Rand Paul, who gave a speech at the first tea party event held in December 2007 and who subsequently endorsed by other Tea Party groups, won the Super Tuesday GOP Senate primary in Kentucky. Paul, the son of Republican Congressman Ron Paul of Texas, comfortably beat Republican establishment favorite Secretary of State of Kentucky Trey Grayson with 60% of the vote, and subsequently won in the November general election. He was quoted saying, "The Tea Party Movement is about saving our country from a mountain of debt." * In the South Carolina's 1st congressional district GOP Primary, Tea Party favorite State Rep. Tim Scott, defeated two establishment Republicans with long family histories in Republican politics: Paul Thurmond, son of the former South Carolina U.S. Senator Strom Thurmond.〔Radnofsky, Louise (GOP's Tim Scott Pulls Ahead in S.C. House Primary ), ''The Wall Street Journal'', June 9, 2010.〕 and Carroll Campbell, son of former South Carolina Governor Carroll A. Campbell, Jr. Scott has spent one term in the South Carolina House, where the businessman became the first African American GOP representative in more than 100 years.〔(Scott, Thurmond in GOP Runoff in SC's 1st District ) ABC News, June 8, 2010〕〔Weigel, David (Black Republican headed for congressional runoff in South Carolina ), ''The Washington Post'', June 9, 2010.〕〔(S. Carolina Candidate Shrugs Off History's Lure ) ''The New York Times'', June 25, 2010〕〔(If Republican Tim Scott Wins in South Carolina, We All Win ) The Root, June 22, 2010〕〔("An interview with South Carolina's Tim Scott: A black congressional candidate who thinks the Tea Party— not CBC— might be his kind of caucus" ) ''The Daily Caller'', July 27, 2010〕 * Nikki Haley, a 38-year-old Indian-American state representative, beat out three prominent Republican rivals in the South Carolina primary race for governor, capturing 49% of the vote. She defeated the second-place finisher, U.S. Representative Gresham Barrett, in a run-off election on June 22.〔(Haley, Scott win in S.C. Republican races ) MSNBC, June 23, 2010〕 * In California, Chuck DeVore, who had Tea Party backing, lost the GOP senate primary to Carly Fiorina, who had backing from Sarah Palin. But she lost on November 2, 2010, to Boxer. * In Nevada, State Assemblywoman Sharron Angle won the U.S. Senate Republican primary race, defeating the GOP favorite, State Sen. Sue Lowden, the one-time front runner.〔(With Tea Party Support, Angle Scores in Nevada GOP Senate Primary ). Fox News; June 9, 2010.〕 Angle was defeated by Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid. * In Alaska, attorney Joe Miller defeated current U.S. Senator Lisa Murkowski, in the GOP primary race on August 24, 2010. Murkowski had been appointed to the seat by her father, Alaska Governor Frank Murkowski, who had held the Senate seat for 30 years prior to becoming governor. Murkowski remained in the election as a write-in candidate, eventually beating Miller in the general election. * In Delaware, Tea Party-backed candidate Christine O'Donnell defeated veteran U.S. Representative Mike Castle in the Republican primary for U.S. Senate.〔Karen Tumulty. (Christine O'Donnell's big win in Delaware sends message to Republican establishment ) ''The Washington Post''; September 16, 2010〕〔(Christine O'Donnell celebrates shock Tea Party triumph in Delaware ). ''The Guardian''; April 15, 2010.〕 Her victory was a surprising upset and was seen as a sign of Tea Party movement strength, even though Castle and not O'Donnell was the Republican expected to easily win the seat. O'Donnell lost the election.〔 * In New York, Tea Party-backed candidate Carl Paladino defeated former Representative Rick Lazio in the Republican primary for governor;〔("Tea Party-backed GOP governor hopeful Carl Paladino fighting for $1.4 million tax break" ). ''Daily News'' (New York). September 20, 2010. Retrieved September 21, 2010.〕〔("Long Islanders put Paladino to test as their cup of tea" ), ''The Buffalo News'', September 12, 2010〕 in the November election he was defeated by Democrat candidate Andrew Cuomo. * In Florida, tea party favorite Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives Marco Rubio defeated Independent and sitting governor Charlie Crist for the U.S. Senate seat.〔("Marco Rubio, from exile to tea party hero" ) ''The Washington Post'', November 4, 2010. Retrieved January 23, 2011.〕 * In Colorado, tea party favorite Ken Buck won the GOP Senate primary, defeating Republican establishment candidate Lieutenant Governor of Colorado Jane Norton, which caused controversy especially over Buck's stance on abortion.〔(Buck defeats Norton in bruising GOP primary for Senate seat ) ''The Denver Post'', August 11, 2010〕〔(Tea Party Pick Ken Buck Wins Colorado Republican Senate Primary ) Politics Daily, August 10, 2010〕 In the November general election, Buck was defeated by Senator Michael Bennet. There were allegations of Democratic candidates planting "fake" Tea Party candidates in Florida, Michigan,〔 New Jersey,〔 and Pennsylvania.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Electoral history of the Tea Party movement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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